Playhouse 90

''Playhouse 90'' is an American television anthology drama series that aired on CBS from 1956 to 1960 for a total of 133 episodes. The show was produced at CBS Television City in Los Angeles, California. Since live anthology drama series of the mid-1950s usually were hour-long shows, the title highlighted the network's intention to present something unusual: a weekly series of hour-and-a-half-long dramas rather than 60-minute plays.

Background

The producers of the show were Martin Manulis, John Houseman, Russell Stoneman, Fred Coe, Arthur Penn, and Hubbell Robinson. The leading director was John Frankenheimer (27 episodes), followed by Franklin J. Schaffner (19 episodes). Other directors included Sidney Lumet, George Roy Hill, Delbert Mann, and Robert Mulligan.

With Alex North's opening theme music, the series debuted October 4, 1956, with Rod Serling's adaptation of Pat Frank's novel ''Forbidden Area'' starring Charlton Heston. The following week, ''Requiem for a Heavyweight'', also scripted by Serling, received critical accolades and later dominated the 1956 Emmys by winning awards in six categories, including best direction, best teleplay and best actor. Serling was given the first Peabody Award for television writing. For many viewers, live television drama had moved to a loftier plateau. ''Playhouse 90'' established a reputation as television's most distinguished anthology drama series and maintained a high standard for four seasons (with repeats in 1961).

From the start, productions were planned to be both live and filmed, with a filmed show every fourth Thursday to relieve the pressure of mounting the live telecasts. The first filmed ''Playhouse 90'' was ''The Country Husband'' (November 1, 1956) with Barbara Hale and Frank Lovejoy portraying a couple in a collapsing marriage. The filmed episodes were produced variously, by Screen Gems and CBS.

The ambitious series frequently featured critically acclaimed dramas, including the original television versions of ''The Miracle Worker'' (with Teresa Wright as Annie Sullivan), and ''The Helen Morgan Story'' (with an Emmy to Polly Bergen for her performance in the title role), ''In the Presence of Mine Enemies'' (Rod Serling's Warsaw ghetto drama starring Charles Laughton, with Robert Redford in an early role), and the original television version of ''Judgment at Nuremberg'', featuring Maximilian Schell, Werner Klemperer, Torben Meyer and Otto Waldis in the roles they would repeat in the 1961 film, but with an otherwise different cast, including Claude Rains in the Spencer Tracy role and Paul Lukas in the Burt Lancaster role.

''Playhouse 90'' received many Emmy Award nominations, and it later ranked #33 on the ''TV Guide'' 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. In 1997, the acclaimed ''Requiem for a Heavyweight'' was ranked #30 on the ''TV Guide'' 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time. In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked ''Playhouse 90'' #65 on their list of the 101 Best Written TV Series. In 2023, ''Variety'' ranked ''Playhouse 90'' as the nineteenth-greatest TV show of all time.

Early on, in 1956, ''Playhouse 90'' faced some controversy due to scheduling. It was thought by independent producers that, in ''Playhouse 90s procurement, scheduling, and promotion decisions, major networks favored programs that they produced or, in which they had ownership interest. Worried about this issue, CBS suspended its plans for the series in fear that they had violated antitrust laws. Soon afterward, however, CBS received an oral opinion from its legal counsel that no laws had been violated, and the show continued.

Writers

Writers for the series included Robert Alan Aurthur, Rod Serling, Whitfield Cook, David E. Durston, Sumner Locke Elliott, Horton Foote, Frank D. Gilroy, Roger O. Hirson, A. E. Hotchner, Abby Mann, J. P. Miller, Paul Monash, and Leslie Stevens. Playwright Tad Mosel, who wrote four teleplays for ''Playhouse 90'', recalled, "My first ''Playhouse 90'' was ''Glamour''... ''Glamour'' had come to television because CBS had built this magnificent Television City in Los Angeles... Television had come to deserve buildings for itself. This was a whole new idea, that you'd have a building for television. ''Playhouse 90'' was one of the first shows to go into that mammoth building."

John Frankenheimer

Between 1954 and 1960, John Frankenheimer directed 152 live television dramas, an average of one every two weeks. During the 1950s he was regarded as television's top directorial talent and much of his significant work was for ''Playhouse 90'', for which he directed 27 teleplays between 1956 and 1960. He began with ''Forbidden Area'' (October 4, 1956), adapted by Serling from the Pat Frank novel about Soviet sabotage, following with '' Rendezvous in Black'' (October 25, 1956), adapted from Cornell Woolrich's novel of twisted revenge; '' Eloise'' (November 22, 1956), adapted from the book by Kay Thompson and Hilary Knight; and ''The Family Nobody Wanted'' (December 20, 1956), from the Helen Doss book about a childless couple who adopt a dozen children of mixed ancestry, a book brought to television again in 1975.

As ''Playhouse 90'' moved into 1957, Frankenheimer directed a science fiction drama, ''The Ninth Day'' (January 10, 1957), by Howard and Dorothy Baker, about a small group of World War III survivors, and a Serling adaptation, '' The Comedian'' (February 14, 1957), based on the short story by Ernest Lehman, and starring Mickey Rooney as an abrasive, manipulative television comedian. In later interviews, Frankenheimer expressed his admiration for Rooney's acting in this memorable drama. A kinescope of ''The Comedian'' survives and remains available for viewing at the Paley Center for Media in New York City and Los Angeles.

After ''The Last Tycoon'' (March 14, 1957), adapted from the F. Scott Fitzgerald novel about a film studio head, Frankenheimer followed with Tad Mosel's ''If You Knew Elizabeth'' (April 11, 1957) about an ambitious college professor; another Fitzgerald adaptation, ''Winter Dreams'' (May 23, 1957), dramatizing a romantic triangle; ''Clash by Night'' (June 13, 1957), with Kim Stanley in an adaptation of the Clifford Odets play; and '' The Fabulous Irishman'' (June 27, 1957), a biographical drama tracing events in the life of Robert Briscoe. Frankenheimer used a fake bull's head jutting into the frame when he staged '' The Death of Manolete'' (September 12, 1957), Barnaby Conrad's drama about the death of the legendary bullfighter, a production later ranked by Frankenheimer as one of his worst.

Robert Alan Aurthur's script for '' A Sound of Different Drummers'' (October 3, 1957) borrowed so heavily from Ray Bradbury's ''Fahrenheit 451'' that Bradbury sued. ''The Troublemakers'' (November 21, 1957) was George Bellak's adaptation of his own 1956 play about a campus newspaper editor killed by other students. Frankenheimer ended the year with '' The Thundering Wave'' (December 12, 1957), starring James and Pamela Mason in an Aurthur drama about an acting couple who agree to do a play together despite their separation.

Frankenheimer kicked off 1958 with ''The Last Man'' (January 9, 1958), an Aaron Spelling revenge drama, followed by '' The Violent Heart'' (February 6, 1958) from the Daphne du Maurier story of romance on the French Riviera, '' Rumors of Evening'' (May 1, 1958) about a World War II pilot obsessed with a USO entertainer, and Serling's ''Bomber's Moon'' (May 22, 1958) about a World War II pilot accused of cowardice. ''A Town Has Turned to Dust'' (June 19, 1958), a Serling drama about an 1870 lynching of an innocent Mexican in a southwestern town, was based on the Emmett Till case.

In ''The New York Times'' for October 3, 1958, the day after J. P. Miller's '' Days of Wine and Roses'' was telecast, Jack Gould wrote a rave review with much praise for the writer, director and cast:
:It was a brilliant and compelling work... Mr. Miller's dialogue was especially fine, natural, vivid and understated. Miss Laurie's performance was enough to make the flesh crawl, yet it also always elicited deep sympathy. Her interpretation of the young wife just a shade this side of delirium tremens—the flighty dancing around the room, her weakness of character and moments of anxiety and her charm when she was sober—was a superlative accomplishment. Miss Laurie is moving into the forefront of our most gifted young actresses. Mr. Robertson achieved first-rate contrast between the sober man fighting to hold on and the hopeless drunk whose only courage came from the bottle. His scene in the greenhouse, where he tried to find the bottle that he had hidden in the flower pot, was particularly good... John Frankenheimer's direction was magnificent. His every touch implemented the emotional suspense but he never let the proceedings get out of hand or merely become sensational.

''Old Man (Playhouse 90), Old Man'' (November 20, 1958) was adapted by Horton Foote from William Faulkner's If I Forget Thee, Jerusalem, story set during the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, 1927 Mississippi River flood. ''Face of a Hero (Playhouse 90), Face of a Hero'' (January 1, 1959), based on the Pierre Boulle novel, starred Jack Lemmon, who took this play to Broadway for a run of 36 performances during October to November 1960. The following year, Frankenheimer began with ''The Blue Men (Playhouse 90), The Blue Men'' (January 15, 1959), an Alvin Boretz drama about the trial of a police detective who refused to make an arrest. A. E. Hotchner

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